B Ponds

Problem Description

Betty owns a lot of ponds, some of them are connected with other ponds by pipes, and there will not be more than one pipe between two ponds. Each pond has a value v. Now Betty wants to remove some ponds because she does not have enough money. But each time when she removes a pond, she can only remove the ponds which are connected with less than two ponds, or the pond will explode. Note that Betty should keep removing ponds until no more ponds can be removed. After that, please help her calculate the sum of the value for each connected component consisting of a odd number of ponds

Input

The first line of input will contain a number T(1≤T≤30) which is the number of test cases. For each test case, the first line contains two number separated by a blank. One is the number p(1≤p≤104) which represents the number of ponds she owns, and the other is the number m(1≤m≤105) which represents the number of pipes. The next line contains p numbers v1,...,vp, where vi(1≤vi≤108) indicating the value of pond i. Each of the last m lines contain two numbers a and b, which indicates that pond a and pond b are connected by a pipe.

Output

For each test case, output the sum of the value of all connected components consisting of odd number of ponds after removing all the ponds connected with less than two pipes.

Sample Input

1
7 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 4
1 5
4 5
2 3
2 6
3 6
2 7

Sample Output

21

Source

2015 ACM/ICPC Asia Regional Changchun Online

题目类型：拓扑排序删点+DFS

算法分析：先使用链式前向星建图，然后使用拓扑排序的方法将所有不符合的点删去(标记)，易知此时的连通分量都是环，然后使用DFS将所有的分量中点的数量是奇数的val和累加起来即可

G The Water Problem

Problem Description

In Land waterless, water is a very limited resource. People always fight for the biggest source of water. Given a sequence of water sources with a1,a2,a3,...,anrepresenting the size of the water source. Given a set of queries each containing 2 integers l and r, please find out the biggest water source between al and ar.

Input

First you are given an integer T(T≤10) indicating the number of test cases. For each test case, there is a number n(0≤n≤1000) on a line representing the number of water sources. n integers follow, respectively a1,a2,a3,...,an, and each integer is in {1,...,106}. On the next line, there is a number q(0≤q≤1000)representing the number of queries. After that, there will be q lines with two integers l and r(1≤l≤r≤n) indicating the range of which you should find out the biggest water source.

Output

For each query, output an integer representing the size of the biggest water source.

Sample Input

3
1
100
1
1 1
5
1 2 3 4 5
5
1 2
1 3
2 4
3 4
3 5
3
1 999999 1
4
1 1
1 2
2 3
3 3

Sample Output

100
2
3
4
4
5
1
999999
999999
1

Source

2015 ACM/ICPC Asia Regional Changchun Online

题目类型：水题

算法分析：数据比较小，所以可以直接暴力枚举